The scope of its jurisdiction refers to all the work sites for the service of product manufacturing, including warehouses, production workshops, offices, personnel, logistics, etc., all management activities aimed at 4M1E (personnel, machine equipment (facilities), materials (semi-finished products, finished products), work methods (work processes, process flows, reporting flows, instructions, improvement methods), environment (working environment, humanistic environment, etc.). In short: management = maintenance + improvement activities. That is, maintain excellent traditions, improve existing problems and prevent the occurrence of problems.
So how to define the level of management?
教 everyone a simple method of assessment, which is to use the formula below when the maintenance level for each stage or person is equal, maintain:
When maintenance > improvement, it belongs to the primary management level. At this time, the site manager is not in a hurry, and the employees are leisurely.
When maintenance = improvement, it belongs to the intermediate management level. At this time, on-site managers are anxious, excellent employees follow the anxiety, but most employees are indifferent.
When improvement > maintenance, it belongs to the advanced management level. At this time, on-site managers are planning and thinking, and front-line employees are also pondering improvement, and the site shows a vibrant atmosphere of improvement.
What is maintenance?
Maintain = Maintain and keep, which is to maintain the previous achievements (or the results of one's own research practice) and pass them on from generation to generation. It is also called daily management or collectively referred to as on-site management.
Do not overthrow the excellent achievements and methods of the previous one in order to show your own ability, because in the end we will find that what we have worked hard for for decades has actually been verified by others, and every manager should first humbly accept the strengths of others and integrate their own views into them, so that the previous experience becomes their own property.
What is maintained?
Maintaining does not mean that everything is worth maintaining, so which methods and means to maintain need to be clarified. Is it to improve it or to废 it? Do not maintain blindly and improve blindly. Any policy provisions and methods have been formulated after going through different periods and issues, and they all have different backgrounds and referentiality. Moreover, these reasons and backgrounds can provide us with many references for new methods and means, which can help the feasibility of our new methods.
How to maintain?
When we screen out certain systems and methods that should be maintained, we can take the following approaches to them:
1. Implement daily monitoring activities
The existing work standards and methods should be regularly or irregularly inspected. At this time, these methods should be classified, which belong to the content of monthly survey, which belong to the key content that needs to be checked daily, and which belong to the content that needs to be checked when it occurs, and a big review of the methods is needed.
General inspection work is divided into regular and irregular types. The frequency of regular inspections is often monthly, focusing on issues that are more likely to occur on a daily basis, or different content is inspected on a monthly (12 months/year) cycle.
The frequency of spot checks is determined by the frequency or importance of the issues that arise, and the supervisor issues instructions for spot checks in a timely manner. The content often includes market complaints, QA issues, and horizontal surveys when major issues occur.
2、Abnormal management and change management
Abnormal management is a means of calling on all staff to pay attention to our production activities, and when something different from the usual or normal occurs, it is stipulated that a certain method of management is adopted. Abnormal management can effectively prevent problems from occurring, achieve the purpose of preventing problems before they occur, and thus reduce losses for the factory, which belongs to a higher management means in daily maintenance work.
Change management refers to the management method that specifies corresponding countermeasures when 4M1E is scheduled to change or occurs suddenly. Change management prevents the occurrence of abnormalities, or even problems such as defects and accidents, due to changes in 4M1E. It is the highest management means to prevent problems before they occur in daily maintenance work.
How to carry out exception management and change management has its systematicness and different methods according to different enterprise characteristics.
3. Education propaganda and assessment
The main educational models commonly used on site are mainly divided into lecture, guidance, correction, and self-study.
·Lecture refers to the traditional method of teaching, where relevant personnel are gathered together for training.
·Tutoring refers to an educational method that involves one-on-one or one (person/group) method practice. This method should be adopted more often when cultivating successors and improving specialized personnel.
·Corrective action refers to a way of immediately correcting when employees deviate from the requirements, in on-site management, the method of corrective action is very important, it is the most effective educational method in on-site management, and it is also the easiest way for enterprises to neglect to cultivate talents.
Especially when new employees join the factory, when personnel positions are changed, and when problems occur, it is more important to educate and correct immediately.
·Self-study is a method of letting employees learn by themselves through the distribution of materials. This method is generally applicable to reference and promotional content, or content that is taught in the form of lectures and then consolidated with the distribution of reference materials. It is important to publicize and educate on standardized things in a timely manner to avoid repeated problems and loss of confidence in management.
Maintain commonly used tools:
SDCA (Standardization—) Implementation → Inspection, Supervision → Disposition/Reflection/Improvement
Standardizing good work methods and sequences is the best recognition for an improvement agent. It is also a way to accumulate corporate knowledge property to ensure the healthy development of the enterprise. The content that should be standardized includes work processes, information flows, and improvement methods, etc., all of which are worth passing on. However, it should be noted that the meaning of standardization is not that all things become dogmatic clauses. Some things are worth referring to, but should not rigidify the behavior of employees.
PDCA (Planning—) Implementation → Inspection, Supervision → Disposition and Reflection, Improvement
4M1E (personnel, machine, equipment, facility, material, semi-finished product, finished product, process flow, management method, improvement method, information flow, work flow, working environment, humanistic environment)
QC7 tools; SPC
What is improvement?
In fact, improvement is a review of the existing 4M1E situation, and any unreasonable improvement to anything that does not meet the specified requirements is called improvement. To determine whether it belongs to improvement, we first need to confirm whether the process of thinking occurs, rather than judging by the results of improvement.
Improvement may lead to two outcomes: one is failure, and the other is success. With the above example, we should first affirm that it is an improvement activity, but different incentives should be given according to different outcomes. As managers, we should first understand and affirm other people's behavior, and then affirm the results of the behavior.
How to improve?
As a business, what is our current situation? What are our needs? How are our capabilities? These should be evaluated and then improved or reformed accordingly, rather than blindly introducing projects, which can only lead to a waste of a large amount of funds and human and material resources, and ultimately leaves the business frustrated and employees losing confidence.
The most prominent or severe issue at present is the starting point for our improvement. For example: the severe cleanliness and orderliness of our site is due to the fact that our employees simply do not understand the concept and importance of 5S, so we should introduce guidance or training in this regard.
We should not introduce ERP, because our employees do not have standardized behavior, and certainly do not have the awareness and methods to improve. How can we introduce the ERP system at this time, because we do not know how to require the developer, and the developer is not familiar with the management process of our enterprise, can only give simple and general ERP modules, and it is also difficult to judge the advantages and disadvantages of the consulting company when choosing what kind of consulting company.
If the backwardness of on-site management is due to insufficient personnel incentives and poor communication within the organization, then it is necessary to introduce human resources experts to conduct an on-site diagnosis. Different reasons require different corresponding solutions, and never seek medical treatment in a panic.
The 7 major steps of general improvement: identify the current situation, find problems, analyze the causes of problems, discuss effective countermeasures, formulate effective countermeasures, implement countermeasures, and summarize the improvement.
Firstly, understand and analyze the current situation, prioritize the shortcomings of the current situation, and identify the most severe and pressing issues.
Then analyze the root cause of the problem, take effective and feasible countermeasures, and implement them step by step with time control. Some problems may occur during the implementation process, and at this time, the improvement methods and the direction of progress should be adjusted and improved in time according to the causes of the problems. After the current improvement is completed, a summary should be made, and the good and the aspects that should continue to be improved should be organized, and then the next round of improvement work should be carried out.
Improve commonly used tools:
PDCA (Planning—) Implementation → Inspection, Supervision → Disposition and Reflection, Improvement
SPC
5 on the spot, 2 original (on the spot, reality, on the spot, cash, on the spot, principle, principle)
3 questions (the root cause of why why why)
QC7 Tools and NEW QC7 Tools: Common Tools
82 Wasting Theory
4M1E
5W2H (Why, Who, When, Where, How, Cost (Money/Time))
ECRS (Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify)
As managers, these mindsets are unignorable, especially in an era when refined management requirements are increasingly stringent.
When a manager continuously rolls his PDCA model, thinks more about the comprehensive issues of 4M1E in selecting improvements, uses more 5 whys and 2 roots in analyzing problems, brings the old and new 7 tools of QC when sorting out problems, invites the ECRS principle to help in solving problems, and often applies 5W2H and other planning tools in organizing and planning, it will make his work more relaxed and orderly, and also very effective.
No matter what kind of leader you are, maintaining and improving is a "two-handed" approach. Choosing different people to do different kinds of work is also an indispensable learning content for managers.